Unregistered Securities Offering form-presence
Sale of securities with no effective registration and no valid exemption (Securities Act § 5 violation).
rule / inferenceForm D filed for the offering, or NO registration at all (entity → CIK miss).
SEC filings Form DS-1
heuristicsreg_s_issuance · form_d_only_issuer · reg_a_offering
Ponzi form-presence
New-investor funds used to pay prior investors; typically an unregistered fund offering.
rule / inferenceForm D, or no registration at all, for an entity raising pooled investor funds.
SEC filings Form D
heuristicsreg_s_issuance · promissory_clauses · form_d_only_issuer
Pre-IPO Fraud observation
Fake or fraudulent pre-IPO private placement.
rule / inferenceA pre-IPO private placement (Form D / Reg A) with no subsequent S-1 / IPO.
SEC filings S-1Form D1-A
heuristicsreg_a_offering · form_d_only_issuer
Affinity Fraud observation
Unregistered offering targeting a religious, ethnic, or professional community.
rule / inferenceUnregistered community-targeted offering; promissory-note language.
SEC filings Form D
heuristicspromissory_clauses · reg_s_issuance
Boiler Room observation
High-pressure phone sales of unregistered securities by an unregistered BD.
rule / inferenceUnregistered-BD offering with high-pressure sales markers.
SEC filings Form D
heuristicsfiler_agent_overlap · reg_s_issuance
Crypto / Digital-Asset Securities observation
Token / SAFT / digital-asset offering sold as an unregistered security.
rule / inferenceToken / SAFT offering with Form D or no registration.
SEC filings Form D
heuristicsreg_s_issuance